• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    This electromechanical actuator (10) comprises an actuating member (20), such as a rod, which is movable in translation along an axis (XX) with respect to a housing (10) and which consists of two parts succeeding one another along the axis, respectively deployed (21) and non-deployed (22) out of the housing, the axial extent of the deployed portion varying in proportion opposite to that of the non-deployed portion as a function of the translated position of the actuating member. This actuator also comprises an electric motor (30) driving in translation of the actuating member, which is carried by the casing and which is connected to the non-deployed portion of the actuating member by means of mechanical transmission (50). In order to reinforce the resistance of the actuator under severe operating conditions, the casing delimits a sealed internal volume (V10), inside which are arranged the non-deployed part of the actuating member, the motor and the transmission means, and which is filled with a gaseous atmosphere having, regardless of the translated position of the actuating member, a pressure equal to or greater than a predetermined absolute value of at least 1.5 bar.
    公开号:FR3036548A1
    申请号:FR1554398
    申请日:2015-05-18
    公开日:2016-11-25
    发明作者:Bastien Roussey；Pierre Bettini
    申请人:Fly By Wire Systems France；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to an electromechanical actuator. The invention is more specifically concerned with the field of aeronautics, in which such electromechanical actuators are widespread, for example for deployment and retraction of landing gear aircraft. Conventionally, such an electromechanical actuator comprises an actuating member, typically a rod, which, by translation, deploys and retracts with respect to a casing of the actuator, under the driving action of the actuator. an electric motor carried by the housing. A transmission mechanism connects the motor output, often rotating, to the end of the rod, opposite to that deployed outside the housing. In practice, the actuator is used in severe environments, in which it is subjected to liquid water, steam, oxygen, air, dust, salty spray, sand, etc. which, in the long run, tend to alter the operation of the actuator, corroding the electric motor and / or the transmission mechanism, as well as reducing their lubrication. To protect the motor and the transmission mechanism, it can be provided to arrange them in an internal volume of the housing, but this solution is quickly ineffective in the sense that, by closing the internal volume, it creates a relative depression when the rod deploys outside this internal volume, so that the corrosion agents listed above tend easily to penetrate, by suction and / or by driving by the rod during the retraction of the latter: once these agents have penetrated inside the internal volume of the housing, they alter the operation of the actuator, in the same way as in the absence of the arrangements related to the aforementioned internal volume. The object of the present invention is to provide an improved electromechanical actuator, whose resistance to severe operating conditions is enhanced. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is an electromechanical actuator, comprising: - a casing, - an actuating member, such as a rod, which is movable in translation along an axis relative to the casing and which consists of two parts succeeding along the axis, respectively deployed and not deployed out of the housing, the axial extent of the deployed portion varying in proportion opposite to that of the non-deployed part according to the translated position of the body of the actuation relative to the housing, and an electric drive motor in translation of the actuating member, which is carried by the housing and which is connected to the non-deployed portion of the actuating member by means of mechanical transmission means, 3036548 2 characterized in that the housing defines a sealed internal volume, inside which are arranged the non-deployed portion of the actuating member, the motor and the transmission means, and which is filled with u a gaseous atmosphere having, regardless of the translated position of the actuating member, a pressure equal to or greater than a predetermined absolute value of at least 1.5 bar. One of the ideas underlying the invention is to pressurize a sealed internal volume of the actuator housing, inside which the motor and the mechanical transmission means are placed between the output of this motor and the part of the translational actuator actuator, provided to not deploy outside the actuator. To put the internal volume under pressure, the invention provides for filling this internal volume in a gaseous atmosphere so that, whatever the translated position of the actuating member, the absolute value of the pressure of this gaseous atmosphere is prefixed at least 1.5 bars, or even at least 2 bars, or even at least three bars or more: thus, even when the actuating member is moved to the maximum and is therefore the most outside the internal volume, the latter keeps a pressure well above the atmospheric pressure, that is to say greater than the air pressure around the outside of the housing. In particular, the absolute value of the pressure of the gaseous atmosphere is provided such that, under all possible operating conditions of the actuator according to the invention, the pressure gradient does not change direction, the pressure inside the internal volume being always greater than that of the outside air. In this way, the corrosion agents mentioned above, such as liquid water, water vapor, oxygen, air, dust, salt spray, sand, etc., are effectively maintained at the outside of the internal volume of the casing, thus greatly limiting or even eliminating the corresponding pollution 25 of the gaseous atmosphere filling the internal volume. In addition, the pressurization of the internal volume of the actuator makes it possible to completely know the composition of the gaseous atmosphere filling this internal volume: it is then advantageously possible to choose a gas or a mixture of gases which limits the natural internal corrosion of the gas. the actuator and / or which limits the combined internal corrosion of the "fretting corrosion" type of the actuator and / or which makes it possible to dispense with the stainless material for the engine and the transmission means and / or which limits the degradation of the engine lubricants and transmission means. Furthermore, the pressurization of the internal volume of the casing can advantageously be used to improve the sealing of the internal volume, by choosing and / or by arranging the sealing elements provided at each opening of the internal volume. on the outside, so that each of these elements all the more tight the corresponding opening that the pressure of the internal volume is large. Examples of such sealing elements will be detailed later. In all cases, it is understood that this improvement of the tightness of the actuator typically makes it possible to achieve the hermetic integrity of the internal volume and / or makes it possible to lubricate the engine and the transmission means only with the oil, not using 5 of the fat. According to additional advantageous features of the electromechanical actuator according to the invention, taken separately or in any technically possible combination: the predetermined absolute value is at least 2 bars; The prefixed absolute value is at least 3 bars; the gaseous atmosphere consists of a neutral gas or a mixture of neutral gases; the actuator further comprises at least one seal, which seals the internal volume with respect to the outside of the casing and which is interposed between the casing and the actuating member, being designed to be flattened against them under the effect of the pressure of the gaseous atmosphere; the transmission means are lubricated exclusively with the oil; the actuator further comprises gas supply means adapted to recharge the gaseous atmosphere when its pressure falls below the predetermined absolute value; the supply means comprise a source of gas under pressure, which has a pressure strictly greater than the predetermined absolute value and which is connected to the internal volume of the casing via a pressure regulator which selectively opens or closes the passage between the source of gas and the internal volume according to whether the pressure of the gaseous atmosphere is less than or not the predetermined absolute value; the gas source is a cartridge carried by the casing; - The actuator further comprises overpressure release means adapted to discharge to the outside of the housing part of the gaseous atmosphere when the pressure of the gaseous atmosphere passes above a predetermined threshold.
    [0002] The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section of an electromechanical actuator according to FIG. the invention; and - Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1, showing an alternative embodiment according to the invention.
    [0003] FIG. 1 shows an electromechanical actuator 1. As a preferred example, this actuator 1 is embarked on an aircraft and controls the displacement, relative to the chassis of the aircraft, of mobile parts of this aircraft, such as as his landing gear for example. Other examples of use of the actuator 1 are given in the introductory part of this document. As shown in Figure 1, the actuator 1 comprises a housing 10, which can also be called body. This casing 10 has a sufficient rigidity to, firstly, be secured to the chassis of the aircraft, for example at a bracket 11 of this housing, and, secondly, withstand the reactions resulting from the actuation forces generated by the actuator 1. In practice, the casing 10 is for example made of metal or a composite material based on plastics material. The housing 10 is hollow and thus delimits a free internal volume V10. The actuator 1 also comprises a rod 20. For the actuator 1, this rod 20 forms an actuating member which acts on a system to be actuated, for example on a landing gear. The rod 20 defines a longitudinal central axis XX along which this rod is movable in translation relative to the housing 10. As shown in Figure 1, the rod 20 extends, along the axis XX, partially inside the internal volume V10 of the housing 10, the rest of the rod 20 being outside this volume V10. In other words, along the axis XX, the rod 20 consists of two successive parts, namely a deployed part 21 and an unexpanded part 22 outside the casing 10, the junction zone between these deployed parts 21 and non-deployed 22 being located through an opening 12, delimited by the housing 10 centrally on the axis XX and connecting the internal volume V10 to the outside of the housing. Due to the mobility of the rod 20 in translation along the axis XX, the axial extent 25 of the deployed portion 21 varies in proportion opposite to that of the non-deployed portion 22 as a function of the axial position of the rod 20 relative to the housing 10. Thus, when the rod 20 is translated to the left in FIG. 1, the axial extent of its deployed portion 21 increases while the axial extent of its non-deployed portion 22 decreases correspondingly, until reaching a minimum extent. Conversely, when the rod 20 is translated to the right, the axial extent of its non-deployed portion 22 increases while the axial extent of its deployed portion 21 correspondingly decreases, until a minimum extent is reached. In any case, that is to say regardless of the axial position of the rod 20, its non-deployed portion 22, which is more or less extended compared to the extent of its deployed portion 21, remains at 35 inside the internal volume V10 of the housing 10, while its deployed portion 21 remains outside the housing.
    [0004] In practice, the deployed portion 21 of the rod 20 is secured, directly or indirectly, to the aforementioned operating system, at a corresponding fixing lug 23 of this portion 21. In order to drive the rod 20 in translation the actuator 1 comprises an electric motor 30. The specific features of this motor 30 are not limiting as long as it transforms electrical energy supplying it into a mechanical output motor. Typically, this drive output is rotatable, selectively in both directions, about the axis XX, the motor 30 including an output shaft 31, centered on the axis XX and rotatable about this axis, in both directions of rotation . Note that, in the figure, the motor 30 is represented by a set of rectangles which, in practice, respectively correspond to, for example, a stator, an air gap, a hoop, magnets, a magnet holder, etc. In addition, this motor 30 here includes an electronic control card 32. Whatever the embodiment of the electric motor 30, the latter is arranged inside the internal volume V10 of the housing 10, as shown in Figure 1.
    [0005] As shown in the figure, the volume V10 extends through the different components of the engine 30, including its electronic card 32. In order to supply electricity to the motor 30 from outside the housing 10, the latter defines an opening 13, which connects the internal volume V10 to the outside of the housing, for example in a direction transverse to the axis XX, and inside which is arranged a connection socket 40 to a source electrical power, not shown, external to the actuator 1. The socket 40 can also be described as electrical connector. Inside the internal volume V10 of the casing 10, the electric motor 30, more specifically its output shaft 31, is connected to the non-deployed part 22 of the rod 20 by mechanical transmission means 50: these transmission means 50 transmit, if necessary by transforming, the movements of the motor output of the motor 30 to the rod 20 to move the latter in translation along the axis XX relative to the housing 10. For example, known per se and considered in FIG. 1, the transmission means 50 include an endless screw 51, which is rotatably coupled about the axis XX to the output shaft 31 of the motor 30, with the interposition of bearings or bearings 52 against the housing 10, and a core 53, which is screwed around the screw 51 and which is locked in rotation about itself about the axis XX relative to the housing 10, while being fixedly connected to translation along this axis to the non-deployed portion 22 of the rod 20. Although Of course, this example is not limiting transmission means 50, any transmission mechanism between the motor output, rotary or not, the motor 30 and the non-deployed portion 22 of the translatable rod 20 may be envisaged.
    [0006] The internal volume V10 of the casing 10 is filled with a gaseous atmosphere that pressurizes the inside of the casing 10. Thus, this gaseous atmosphere has a pressure whose absolute value is prefixed to at least 1.5 bar, preferably at least 2 bars, preferably even at least 3 bars. Note that this predetermined absolute value of the gaseous atmosphere filling the internal volume V10 of the housing 10 is effective regardless of the translated position of the rod 20 along the axis XX: in particular, even when the rod 20 is deployed at the maximum and so that its non-deployed portion 22 has a minimum axial extent, the pressure in the internal volume V10 has at least the absolute value prefixed, or is greater than this.
    [0007] In practice, the value adopted for the pressure of the gaseous atmosphere may vary according to the context of use of the actuator 1, the idea being to prefix a sufficiently large value so that under all possible operating conditions of the actuator 1, the pressure gradient between the inside and the outside of the housing 10 does not change direction.
    [0008] Due to this pressurization of the internal volume V10, the pollution of this internal volume is limited or even avoided, by preventing external agents from penetrating it, such as liquid water, water vapor, water and water. oxygen from the air, salty spray, dust, sand, etc. More generally, the gaseous atmosphere of the internal volume V10, in which the engine 30 and the transmission means 50 are immersed, is controlled with respect to its composition, because of its relative overpressure relative to the outside of the casing 10. Undesired components, such as the foregoing external agents, can therefore be excluded and prevented from entering. In the continuation of the foregoing considerations, the gaseous atmosphere advantageously consists of a neutral gas or a mixture of neutral gases, for example nitrogen: the internal corrosion of the actuator 1, both the natural corrosion that the combined corrosion-type corrosion fretting, as well as degradation of the lubrication of the motor 30 and the transmission means 50 are thus limited or even avoided. Of course, for the pressurization of the internal volume V10 of the housing 10 to be permanent, this volume V10 is sealed vis-à-vis the outside. In particular, the openings 10 and 13 of the casing 10 are respectively provided with sealing elements able to maintain the relative pressurization of the gaseous atmosphere filling the volume V10. For the opening 13, the sealing element or elements have only a static effect, in the sense that this or these elements, which are also not shown in Figure 1, static seal the fixed interface between the housing 10 and the connection plug 40, at the opening 13. As regards the opening 12, the corresponding sealing element or elements consist of one or more seals 60 having a dynamic sealing effect, in the sense that this or these seals 60 are designed to seal the mobile interface between the casing 10 and the translating rod 20, at the opening 12: in a particularly advantageous preferential arrangement, this or these seals 60 with dynamic sealing effect are provided to press against the housing 10 and the rod 5 under the effect of the pressure of the gaseous atmosphere filling the internal volume V10 of the housing 10. In this way, we understand that more pressure inter When the casing 10 is large, the sealing effect achieved by the seal (s) 60 is reinforced. By way of nonlimiting example, the seal (s) 60 are lip seals oriented from the inside to the outside of the opening 12.
    [0009] According to an optional arrangement, the transmission means 50 are lubricated exclusively with the oil, that is to say with a liquid lubricant, without resorting to a pasty or solid lubricant, such as grease. The use of such an oil lubrication is made possible by controlling the composition of the gaseous atmosphere filling the internal volume V10 of the casing 10 and by the high level of sealing of this volume V10, particularly at level of the openings 12 and 13 of the housing. Indeed, as explained above, the risks of leakage of this liquid lubrication and / or pollution of this lubrication are controlled. It is understood that the presence of the gaseous atmosphere under pressure, filling the internal volume V10 of the housing 10 substantially prolongs the service life of the actuator 1, limiting or even preventing its degradation or wear by aggressive agents, originating from especially from the outside of the actuator. This being the case, the presence of this gaseous atmosphere under pressure is not essential for the operation of the actuator 1: in the event of the disappearance of this gaseous atmosphere under pressure, for example in the event of rupture of the tightness of the internal volume V10, both at the openings 12 and 13 and at another location in the housing 10, the actuator 1 is functionally operative, its rod 20 being just as drivable in translation by the motor 30 as in the presence of the gaseous atmosphere mentioned above. . Of course, in the absence of this gaseous atmosphere, the corrosion and wear problems, mentioned above, will occur for the actuator 1, in the same way as for the actuators 30 of the prior art. FIG. 2 shows a variant of the electromechanical actuator 1, referenced 100. This actuator 100 has the same arrangements as the actuator 1 and includes in particular the same components, so that, subsequently, and in FIG. these components are designated by the same references as those used previously, in connection with FIG.
    [0010] The actuator 100 differs from the actuator 1 by additional arrangements, namely: a cartridge of pressurized gas 101 whose internal pressure is high in the sense that it is clearly greater than the value prefixed for the the minimum pressure of the gaseous atmosphere filling the internal volume V10 of the housing 10, and which is connected to this internal volume V10 by a pressure regulator 102, and a pressure regulator 103, which directly connects the internal volume V10 to the outside the housing 10, through a wall of this housing. The pressure regulator 102 is adapted to selectively open or close the passage between the cartridge 101 and the internal volume V10 according to whether the pressure of the gaseous atmosphere filling this volume V10 is less than or not the aforementioned prefixed value: when the pressure of the gaseous atmosphere falls below the preset value, the pressure regulator 102 opens the aforementioned passage so that the cartridge 101 recharges the gaseous atmosphere, supplying it with pressurized gas. Once the pressure of the gaseous atmosphere returns to above the preset value, if necessary with a given deviation, the pressure regulator 102 closes. It is understood that the cartridge 101 and the pressure regulator 102 together form gas supply means, able to automatically inflate the gaseous atmosphere of the internal volume V10 when the internal volume 20 deflates. In a practical and easy to implement arrangement, the cartridge 101 is carried by the housing 10, as shown schematically in Figure 2. This being the case, the cartridge 101 can be made as a component independent of the actuator 100. D Moreover, the embodiment of the cartridge 101 is not limiting, in the sense that this cartridge is only an exemplary embodiment of a source of gas under high pressure, to be connected to the internal volume V10. The pressure regulator 103 is, for its part, designed to open when the pressure of the gaseous atmosphere of the internal volume V10 passes above a predetermined threshold of pressure. is intermediate between the high pressure of the cartridge 101 and the aforementioned prefixed value: thus, in case of occurrence, in the internal volume V10, a substantially high overpressure, that is to say equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold Miné supra, the pressure regulator 103 releases this overpressure, discharging outside the housing 10 a portion of the gaseous atmosphere of the volume V10. The occurrence of such an overpressure may, for example, result from a failure of the pressure regulator 102. In all cases, the pressure regulator 103 corresponds, in some manner, to a safety valve, avoiding excessive pressure of the inside of the housing 10. By way of non-limiting example, the pressure regulators 102 and 103 are valves, respectively calibrated at the prefixed value and calibrated at the predetermined threshold.
    [0011] Furthermore, various arrangements and variants to the electromechanical actuators 1 and 101 described so far are conceivable.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    1. electromechanical actuator (1; 100), comprising: - a housing (10), - an actuating member (20), such as a rod, which is movable in translation along an axis (XX) relative to the casing and which consists of two parts succeeding each along the axis, respectively deployed (21) and non-deployed (22) out of the casing, the axial extent of the deployed portion varying in proportion opposite that of the non-deployed portion deployed as a function of the translated position of the actuating member with respect to the casing, and - an electric motor (30) driving in translation of the actuating member (20), which is carried by the casing ( 10) and which is connected to the non-deployed portion (22) of the actuating member by mechanical transmission means (50), characterized in that the housing (10) delimits a sealed internal volume (V10), inside which are arranged the non-deployed part (22) of the actuating member (20), the motor (30) ) and the transmission means (50), and which is filled with a gaseous atmosphere having, regardless of the translated position of the actuating member, a pressure equal to or greater than an absolute value prefixed by at least 1 , 5 bar.
    [0002]
    2. Electromechanical actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the absolute value prefixed is at least 2 bar.
    [0003]
    3. Electromechanical actuator according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the absolute value prefixed is at least 3 bar.
    [0004]
    4. Electromechanical actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gaseous atmosphere consists of a neutral gas or a mixture of neutral gases.
    [0005]
    5. Electromechanical actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator (1; 100) further comprises at least one seal (60), which seals the internal volume (V10) relative to outside the housing (10) and which is interposed between the housing and the actuator (20), being designed to press against them under the effect of the pressure of the gaseous atmosphere. 3036548 11
    [0006]
    6. Electromechanical actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmission means (50) are lubricated exclusively with oil. 5
    [0007]
    7. Electromechanical actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator (100) further comprises gaseous supply means (101, 102) adapted to recharge the gaseous atmosphere when its pressure passes. below the absolute value prefixed. 10
    [0008]
    8. Electromechanical actuator according to claim 7, characterized in that the supply means comprises a source of pressurized gas (101), which has a pressure strictly greater than the absolute value prefixed and which is connected to the internal volume (V10 ) of the housing (10) via a pressure regulator (102) which selectively opens or closes the passage between the gas source and the internal volume depending on whether or not the gas atmosphere pressure is less than the absolute value prefixed.
    [0009]
    9. An electromechanical actuator according to claim 8, characterized in that the gas source is a cartridge (101) carried by the housing (10).
    [0010]
    10. An electromechanical actuator according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the actuator (100) further comprises overpressure release means (103), adapted to discharge to the outside of the housing (10). ) a part of the gaseous atmosphere when the pressure of this gaseous atmosphere passes above a predetermined threshold.
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    FR3036548B1|2018-06-01|
    US10450057B2|2019-10-22|
    引用文献:
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    DE102004047559A1|2004-09-30|2006-04-13|OKIN Gesellschaft für Antriebstechnik mbH|Drive for seat adjusters for hospital beds etc has sealed housing with valve for connecting pressure device for generating excess pressure inside housing by means of gas|
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    US20060266146A1|2005-05-31|2006-11-30|Waide William M|Direct drive electromechanical linear actuators|
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    GB2483472B|2010-09-08|2012-08-15|Messier Dowty Ltd|Aircraft landing gear|
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    DE102018202854B4|2018-02-26|2020-01-02|Audi Ag|Method for operating an on-board network of a hybrid motor vehicle and hybrid motor vehicle|
    CN109378932B|2018-10-17|2020-09-22|中国特种飞行器研究所|Flap motor|
    法律状态:
    2016-05-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2016-11-25| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20161125 |
    2017-03-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-03-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-05-16| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-05-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-05-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1554398A|FR3036548B1|2015-05-18|2015-05-18|ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATOR|
    FR1554398|2015-05-18|FR1554398A| FR3036548B1|2015-05-18|2015-05-18|ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATOR|
    EP16169855.0A| EP3096443B8|2015-05-18|2016-05-17|Electromechanical actuator for controlling the movement of a moving outer part of an aircraft, and aircraft including one such electromechanical actuator|
    US15/158,172| US10450057B2|2015-05-18|2016-05-18|Electromechanical actuator for controlling the movement of a moving outer part of an aircraft, and aircraft including one such electromechanical actuator|
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